POPULAR PARTICIPATION IN LOCAL SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT PLANNING
AND IMPLEMENTATION: A Strategy for the Ilaw ng Buhay Movement
|
PART I |
THE SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT SECTOR |
|
PART II |
THE ILAW NG BUHAY MOVEMENT CURRENT STRATEGY AND
PERFORMANCE |
|
PART III |
STRATEGY FORMULATION FOR THE ILAW NG BUHAY MOVEMENT
(Outline) |
BY:
NESTOR M. PESTELOS
Asian Institute of Management
Class 1986 1987
Paper submitted:
17 October 1986
POPULAR
PARTICIPATION IN LOCAL SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
PLANNING
AND IMPLEMENTATION: A Strategy for the
Ilaw ng Buhay Movement
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
..
INTRODUCTION
..
A. Background
..
B. Objectives
..
C.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
D.
Methodology and Main Data Sources
.
PART
I: THE SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT SECTOR
CHAPTER I PROFILE OF THE SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT SECTOR
...
A.
Concept / Approaches
..
B.
Organizational Framework
...
C.
Social Indicators to Measure Attainment of Goals
..
D.
Existing programs
.
E.
Involvement of Non-government Organizations
..
F.
Financial Resources
..
G.
Assessment of Program Effectiveness
.
H.
The Philippine Country Program for Children
.
I.
Target Groups
CHAPTER II RESOURCE DIMENSION OF SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
.
A.
Share in the National Budget
.
B.
Sources of Funding
.
C.
Current Thrust and Future Outlook
.
CHAPTER
III PARTICIPATORY APPROACHES TO SOCIAL
DEVELOPMENT
A.
Community Development (CD) Approach
.
B.
Community Organization (CO) Approach
..
C.
CD-CO or Social Planning Approach
.
D.
Facilitative Factors
..
E.
A Second Look at Non-governmental Organizations
.
PART II: - THE ILAW NG
BUHAY MOVEMENT CURRENT
STRATEGY AND PERFORMANCE
CHAPTER IV THE ILAW NG BUHAY MOVEMENT
A.
History/ Background
..
B.
Objectives
..
C.
Grand Design of the Movement to Achieve
its
Objectives
.
C.1 Key Activities
C.2 Organizational Framework
C.3 Functional Policies
C.4 Linkages
CHAPTER V ASSESSMENT:
THE MOVEMENT IN CORTES, BOHOL ..
A.
Background Information
..
A.1 Physical features
..
A.2 Socio-economic profile
A.3 Organizational structure
..
A.4 Problems and proposed solutions
B.
Overall Development Planning in Cortes
.
B.1 Nature and scope of local planning
..
B.2 Approaches and methods of formulating the
Area development plan
B.3 Social indicators used to identify
problem
..
B.4 The planning process and peoples
participation
B.5 Financing the area development plan
B.6 Facilitating and controlling plan
implementation
..
B.7 Appraising local capabilities, the
outputs
and the contribution of the plan and projects
towards social goals
BIBLIOGRAPHY
..
ANNEXES
.
PART III:
STRATEGY FORMULATION FOR THE ILAW
NG BUHAY
MOVEMENT
OUTLINE
..
EXECUTIVE
SUMMARY
A. Findings from Part I (Social Development
Sector )
1. Social
development is the primary concern of 108 government agencies and more than 200
non-governmental organizations involved in the following areas:
-
Education and manpower
-
Health, nutrition, and family planning
-
Housing and human settlements
-
Social services and community development
-
Agrarian reform
-
Multisectoral concerns
2. Social
development expenditures maintained an expenditures which average of 22.6
percent, compared to economic expenditures which average 36.6 percent for 1972
86. National budgetary resources
account for 73% of total financing for the sector. The rest are shouldered by social institutions, social security
agencies, domestic financial institutions, and international funding agencies.
3. An
assessment of the sectors performance shows low levels of effectiveness in
practically all areas. The poor
performance was attributed to the lack of a comprehensive social policy
supported by adequate programs and projects specifically addressed to the
following:
-
poverty amelioration
-
redistribution of income and wealth
-
decentralization of authority and responsibility for social
planning and service delivery.
4. Ineffective
programs and projects were also traced to low levels of government and
community participation in development planning and implementation.
5. For the
pas two decades, international organizations have advocated for the building in
of participatory approaches in developmental programs. A major undertaking in the sector designed
to involve communities and local governments in development planning and
implementation is the Philippine Country Program for Children formulated with
the assistance of the United Nations Childrens Fund (UNICEF).
6. Participatory
approaches currently being tried in the sector by both government and
non-governmental organizations can be into three categories:
-
community development (CD) approach
-
community organization (CO) approach
-
CD-CC or social planning approach
Each
approach has its own advantages and disadvantages. The trend, however, is to adopt features of the latter approach.
B. Findings
from Part II ( Ilaw ng Buhay Movement)
1. The
Movement actually started as an experiment on improving service delivery to
remote rural households. It was
launched on November, 1975 in a few pilot areas. The Movement, which symbolizes knowledge against the darkness
which breeds poverty, disease, and death, has a mass membership of almost a
million people in 37 municipalities and 2 cities.
2. The Movement applies the CD-CO or social planning
approach. Essentially, it prepares both
the community and the government to assume responsibilities to solve local
problems. Called the Ilaw social
preparation process, the approach is actually a carefully-sequenced set of
training and field operations activities designed to even up understanding,
remold attitudes, and refine the skills of everyone involved in local
development. It stimulates and makes
viable the local development council so that it can function as overall
implementor and indicator. On the other
hand, the community is primed so that its organization acts as an equal partner
of government. The process brings both
these bodies in cooperative and mutually beneficial efforts to solve local
problems.
3. The unique
process as intensively applied in a municipality was discussed. It shows how collaborative planning between
the community and local government has been built into the traditional planning
process.
4. In 1983,
five years after its launching, the Movement set up the Ilaw International Center
(IIC) as its research and training institution. The IIC directs the expansion of the Movement and supports local
governments and communities to build in participatory approaches to social
development planning and implementation.
It supplies trainors and organizers to Ilaw coverage areas and assists
communities to set up projects. With
IIC, the Movement has begun a replication process for its approach.
Future Task
In Part III,
outlined in this Report and due for submission on January 20, recent changes in
the broader environment ant its impact on the sector will be discussed. Detailed analysis of the Movements
strengths and weaknesses will be presented.
The current strategy will be reviewed in relation to perceived
opportunities and threats.
Hopefully, this process can evolve a more efficacious
strategy for the Movement. An
implementation plan will be prepared for the next five years.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1.
Final Report and Recommendations,
Association of South East Asian Nations Seminar on Social Problems Resulting
from Rapid Social Change, Jakarta, Indonesia, 16-22 January 1987.
2.
Gorra, Marilyn N., The Philippine Country Paper on Social
Development Alternatives. Paper
presented at Combined Expert Group Meeting on Social Development Alternatives
and Second Training Semianr in Local Social Development Planning, Nagoya,
Japan, 16-29 October 1985.
3.
Project Plans of Action for UNICEF Assistance, Manila,
Philippines, January 1980.
4.
Second Country Program for Filipino Children (1983-1987), Program
Framework, Government of the Philippines, December 1982.
5.
Program Plans of Action Vol. II (F-K), Second
Country Program for Children (1983-1987), Government of the Philippines (1982)
6.
Mid-Term Review, Second Country Program
for Filipino Children, 24-25 July 1985.
7.
Social Development, The Philippine Approach, National
Economic and Development Authority (NEDA), December 1980.
8.
Pestelos, Nestor M., Community Participation in
Development: A Tortuous Exercise.
Excerpts from the paper he presented at an international rural water
supply and sanitation workshop held in Ubol Ratchathance, Thailand, March 1981,
under the sponsorship of UNICEF.
9.
Cheema, Shabbir G. and Dennis A. Rondinelli, Implementing
Decentralization in Asia, (UNCRD, Nagoya, Japan; 1983)
10.
NGOs as a Democratizing Force in Society, Cendhrra
Network Newsletter, Fourth Quarter 1985.
11.
Progress Report, Project Compassion,
1975-1977.
12.
Binamira, Ramon P., The Need for an Integrated Approach
to Social Development in Underdeveloped Countries A Look at Project
Compassion. Paper presented to
the Special Meeting of the UNICEF Executive Board on the Situation of Children
in Asia with Emphasis on Basic Services, Manila. 17-19 May 1977.
13.
Binamira, Ramon P., Lessons from Experience and New
Directions. In-house assessment
Paper. January 1978.
14.
Binamira, Ramon P., The Ilaw ng Buhay: Learning through
Experience. (IIC Publication:
1982).
15.
House of Ilaw ng
Buhay, (IIC Publication: 1983).
16.
Pestelos, Nestor M., Study Tour of Comilla and Other
Areas in Bangladesh, 14-29 March 1981.